Glossary
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This terminology is used in my articles on education, sleep, and creatvity (some of this terminology is my own):
- Abstractness - dissociation from detail that increases applicability of knowledge
- Acquisition rate - speed of learning
- Active recall - bringing knowledge back up from memory (e.g. as opposed to passive reading)
- Adaptability - brain's ability to adapt via learning and forgetting
- Applicability - range of usability of knowledge
- Behavioral space - set of behaviors that result in no penalty
- Behavioral system - set of behaviors that develop in a set social context
- Biphasic sleep - sleep in two blocks: night and siesta
- Circadian cycle - ~24h cycle of changes in the state of body and mind
- Circadian phase - the time of day measured in hours since natural waking
- Circadian sleep propensity - sleepiness determined by the body clock
- Childhood amnesia - natural long-term memory deficit in children
- Chronic stress - harmful stress that does not go away
- Cloze deletion - question in the form of a sentence in which a keyword is replaced with 3 dots
- Coherence - degree of meaningful connectedness of knowledge that makes remembering easy
- Concept network - set of interlinked ideas taking part in the thought process
- Conceptual computation - reasoning occurring in a concept network
- Conceptualization - emergence of concepts in a concept network in development
- Consistency - degree in which knowledge is free of contradictory information
- Consolidation - increase in memory stability as a result of review or in sleep
- Democratic school - school run by kids with minimum adult supervision
- Deschooling - free education without compulsory schooling
- Factory model of education - education based on mass production philosophy
- Forgetting curve - curve showing loss of knowledge over time
- Free learning - self-directed learning without constraints and coercion
- Free running sleep - sleep that is not artificially regulated (e.g. with alarm clocks, medication, etc.)
- Fundamental law of learning - law stating that efficient learning is always pleasurable
- Generalization - process in which details are forgotten for the big picture to emerge
- Homeostatic sleep propensity - fatigue caused by tiredness of waking
- Homeschooling - home-based education
- Idiocracy problem - problem of smart people having few or late children
- Increading - reading incrementally
- Incremental learning - method for mastering knowledge from the web (fast and durable)
- Incremental reading - method of converting books and articles into durable knowledge in student's mind
- Incremental video - method of massive learning and review of lectures (e.g. from YouTube)
- Interference - forgetting induced by new learning
- Learn drive - natural curiosity that drives learning
- Learned helplessness - loss of drives in conditions of loss of control
- Learntropy - measure of attractiveness of a lecture, book, etc.
- Knowledge darwinism - competition of memories for the best place in the jigsaw puzzle of memory
- Knowledge redundancy - memorizing same memories in different contexts to boost recall
- Knowledge valuation network - any neural subsystem capable of estimating the value of knowledge
- Memory complexity - complexity of memory that determines how difficult it is to retain it
- Memory optimization - process in which memories get better organized in sleep
- Minimum information principle - claim that simple memories are easy to retain for longer
- Natural creativity cycle - undisturbed sleep-wake cycle that maximizes creativity
- Passive review - undemanding processing of knowledge (e.g. reading as opposed to active recall)
- Passive schooling - traditional approach to education in which most of the learning choices are made by a teacher
- Pattern completion - ability of a neural network to recognize incomplete input (e.g. a blurry picture)
- Permastore - everlasting memory
- Polyphasic sleep - unhealthy sleep practice in which sleep is dispersed in many small blocks throughout the day
- Problem valuation network - any neural subsystem capable of estimating the expected reward in problem solving
- Push zone - range of external pressure that may improve learning outcomes
- Priority queue - sequence of pieces of knowledge sorted by priority
- Rational procrastination - strategic procrastination that neglects jobs of lower priority
- Redundancy - extra load of knowledge that may add to its quality
- Regress zone - range of external pressure that undermines learning outcomes
- Retrievability - probability of recall of a given memory
- Self-directed learning - self-learning in which materials and goals are determined by the student
- Self-learning - learning on one's own (without a teacher)
- Semantic learning - efficient learning based on good comprehension
- Sleep phase - positioning of the preferred waking time (in clock hours)
- Spaced repetition - learning technique that ensures long-term retention of knowledge
- Spacing effect - better memory effect of review delayed in time
- Spacing effect gain - mathematical definition of the spacing effect
- Stability - durability of a given memory
- Stabilization curve - the most important curve in the optimization of learning: stabilization as a function of retrievability
- Stabilization decay - gradual decrease in the potential for stability increase in memories with high stability
- Toxic memory - persistent memory that leads to anxiety
- Two-component model of long-term memory - model of memory based on retrievability and stability of memories
- Two-process model of sleep regulation - model that explains why and when we fall asleep
- Unschooling - learning without the pressure of the curriculum
- Variable reward - intermittent reward that underlies gambling
- War of the networks - contradictory signaling that may lead to the impairment in neural control